Exfoliating acids are the secret weapon behind smooth, glowing skin. Whether you’re dealing with dullness, acne, or uneven texture, incorporating the right acid into your skincare routine can make a world of difference. But with so many options—AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs—how do you know which one is best for your skin type?
In this guide, we’ll break down the differences between AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs, their benefits, and how to use them effectively for healthy, radiant skin.
What Are AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs?
1. Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
AHAs are water-soluble acids derived from natural sources like fruits and milk. They work on the surface of the skin, helping to remove dead skin cells and improve texture.
Common Types of AHAs:
- Glycolic Acid – Derived from sugar cane, it penetrates deeply and is great for anti-aging.
- Lactic Acid – Found in milk, it’s gentler and ideal for sensitive skin.
- Mandelic Acid – Extracted from almonds, it’s great for acne-prone skin.
- Citric Acid – Derived from citrus fruits, it brightens and smooths skin.
- Malic Acid – Found in apples, it hydrates while exfoliating.
Best For:
✔ Dry, dull skin
✔ Uneven texture
✔ Fine lines and wrinkles
How It Works:
AHAs break down the bonds between dead skin cells, allowing them to shed naturally and reveal brighter, smoother skin.
2. Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)
BHAs are oil-soluble acids, meaning they penetrate deep into pores to remove excess oil and prevent breakouts.
Common Types of BHAs:
- Salicylic Acid – The most popular BHA, known for its acne-fighting properties.
- Beta Hydroxybutanoic Acid – Helps with skin renewal.
- Tropic Acid – Has mild exfoliating effects.
- Trethocanic Acid – Less common but beneficial for oily skin.
Best For:
✔ Oily, acne-prone skin
✔ Blackheads and clogged pores
✔ Reducing inflammation
How It Works:
BHAs dissolve oil and debris inside pores, making them highly effective for acne and blackhead prevention.
3. Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs)
PHAs are gentle exfoliating acids with larger molecular structures, meaning they don’t penetrate as deeply as AHAs or BHAs. This makes them ideal for sensitive skin.
Common Types of PHAs:
- Gluconolactone – Hydrates and gently exfoliates.
- Lactobionic Acid – Antioxidant-rich and great for anti-aging.
- Maltobionic Acid – Helps with skin renewal and hydration.
Best For:
✔ Sensitive skin
✔ Hydration and barrier repair
✔ Gentle exfoliation
How It Works:
PHAs remove dead skin cells while locking in moisture, making them perfect for hydrating and soothing the skin.
How to Choose the Right Acid for Your Skin Type
| Skin Concern | Best Acid Type |
|---|---|
| Dry, dull skin | AHAs (Glycolic, Lactic) |
| Oily, acne-prone skin | BHAs (Salicylic) |
| Sensitive skin | PHAs (Gluconolactone) |
| Hyperpigmentation | AHAs (Citric, Mandelic) |
| Blackheads & clogged pores | BHAs (Salicylic) |
How to Use AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs Safely
✔ Start Slowly – Introduce acids 2-3 times a week to avoid irritation.
✔ Use Sunscreen – Exfoliating acids make skin more sensitive to UV rays, so SPF is a must.
✔ Avoid Mixing Harsh Actives – Don’t combine AHAs/BHAs with retinol or Vitamin C in the same routine.
✔ Hydrate & Moisturize – Follow up with hydrating serums and moisturizers to maintain balance.
Conclusion
AHAs, BHAs, and PHAs each offer unique benefits for different skin types. Whether you need deep pore cleansing, gentle exfoliation, or hydration, choosing the right acid can transform your skin. Start slow, listen to your skin, and enjoy the radiance-boosting effects of exfoliating acids!
Which acid works best for your skin? Let us know in the comments! ✨
